Globalization: Light and Shadow


1.                    What is globalization? *Material aspects

Communication and transportation Manufacturing and finance Movement of people and goods Standardization Institutional links Ecological commons

*Immaterial aspects

Closeness of identification and values Cultural (including linguistic) similarities Symbols of politics and organization Shared ideas and ideologies

2.                    Three types of globalization (based on Robert Kudrle) *Communication globalization

Economic effect Cultural effect Comparison effect
*Market globalization Trade
Capital mobility Labor mobility Options for states
*Direct globalization

The environmental “commons”

Other public goods: “existence value” Labor rights and human rights Enforcement patterns and issues



18     E

3.                    International relations and globalization *From sovereignty to transsovereignty

Terrorism Criminal gangs Infectious disease

New actors, new norms, new regimes, new networks *International organizations at the end of the twentieth

century

States and beyond International civil service

Interactions with nongovernmental organizations Reform of the United Nations
New round of negotiations in WTO Governance by international conferences

*Civil society

Multinational corporations NGOs

Participation and democratization

4.     Evaluating globalization: light and shadow

*Rescue from poverty vs. increasing gap between rich and poor *Advanced medical treatment vs. epidemics on a global scale *Policies to protect the environment vs. global environmental pollution and warming

*The good and bad sides of the information society

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